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The success of a vaccination program is crucially dependent on its adoptionby a critical fraction of the population, as the resulting herd immunityprevents future outbreaks of an epidemic. However, the effectiveness of acampaign can engender its own undoing if individuals choose to not getvaccinated in the belief that they are protected by herd immunity. Althoughthis may appear to be an optimal decision, based on a rational appraisal ofcost and benefits to the individual, it exposes the population to subsequentoutbreaks. We investigate if voluntary vaccination can emerge in a anintegrated model of an epidemic spreading on a social network of rationalagents that make informed decisions whether to be vaccinated. The informationavailable to each agent includes the prevalence of the disease in their localnetwork neighborhood and/or globally in the population, as well as the fractionof their neighbors that are protected against the disease. Crucially, thepayoffs governing the decision of agents evolve with disease prevalence,resulting in the co-evolution of vaccine uptake behavior with the spread of thecontagion. The collective behavior of the agents responding to local prevalencecan lead to a significant reduction in the final epidemic size, particularlyfor less contagious diseases having low basic reproduction number $R_0$. Nearthe epidemic threshold ($R_0\approx1$) the use of local prevalence informationcan result in a dichotomous response in final vaccine coverage. Theimplications of our results suggest the nature of information used byindividuals is a critical factor determining the success of public healthintervention schemes that involve mass vaccination.

Epidemic prevalence information on social networks mediates emergent collective outcomes in voluntary vaccine schemes