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The diversity of T-cell receptors recognizing foreign pathogens is generatedthrough a highly stochastic recombination process, making the independentproduction of the same sequence rare. Yet unrelated individuals do sharereceptors, which together constitute a "public" repertoire of abundantclonotypes. The TCR repertoire is initially formed prenatally, when the enzymeinserting random nucleotides is downregulated, producing a limited diversitysubset. By statistically analyzing deep sequencing T-cell repertoire data fromtwins, unrelated individuals of various ages, and cord blood, we show thatT-cell clones generated before birth persist and maintain high abundances inadult organisms for decades, slowly decaying with age. Our results suggest thatlarge, low-diversity public clones are created during pregnancy, and surviveover long periods, providing the basis of the public repertoire.

Persisting fetal clonotypes influence the structure and overlap of adult human T cell receptor repertoires