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Spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) is believed to play an importantrole in shaping the structure of neural circuits. Here we show that STDPgenerates effective interactions between synapses of different neurons, whichwere neglected in previous theoretical treatments, and can be described as asum over contributions from structural motifs. These interactions can have apivotal influence on the connectivity patterns that emerge under the influenceof STDP. In particular, we consider two highly ordered forms of structure: widesynfire chains, in which groups of neurons project to each other sequentially,and self connected assemblies. We show that high order synaptic interactionscan enable the formation of both structures, depending on the form of the STDPfunction and the time course of synaptic currents. Furthermore, within acertain regime of biophysical parameters, emergence of the ordered connectivityoccurs robustly and autonomously in a stochastic network of spiking neurons,without a need to expose the neural network to structured inputs duringlearning.

Shaping neural circuits by high order synaptic interactions