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Small-World Networks (SWNs) represent a fundamental model for thecomprehension of many complex man-made and biological networks. In the centralnervous system, SWN models have been shown to fit well both anatomical andfunctional maps at the macroscopic level. However the functional microscopiclevel, where the nodes of a network are composed of single neurons, is stillpoorly understood. At this level, although recent evidences suggest thatfunctional connectivity maps exhibit small-world organization, it is not knownwhether and how these maps, distributed in multiple brain regions, changeacross different conditions. We addressed these questions by simultaneousmulti-array extracellular recordings in three brain regions diversely involvedin somatosensory information processing: the ventropostero-lateral thalamicnuclei (VPL), the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the centro-medianthalamic nuclei (CM). From both spike and Local Field Potential (LFP)recordings, we estimated the functional connectivity maps by using theNormalized Compression Similarity (spikes) and the Phase Synchrony (LFPs).Then, by using graph-theoretical statistics, we characterized the functionalmap topology both during spontaneous activity and sensory stimulation. Our mainresults show that: (i) spikes and LFPs show SWN organization during spontaneousactivity; (ii) After stimulation onset, while substantial functional mapreconfigurations occur both in spike and LFPs, small-worldness is nonethelesspreserved (iii) The stimulus triggers a significant increase of inter-area LFPconnections without modifying the topology of intra-area functionalconnections; (iv) Through computer simulations of the fundamental concept ofcell assemblies, transient groups of activating neurons can be described bysmall-world networks.

Neuronal functional connectivity among multiple areas of the rat somatosensory system during spontaneous and evoked activities