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Visually induced neuronal activity in V1 displays a marked gamma-bandcomponent which is modulated by stimulus properties. It has been argued thatsynchronized oscillations contribute to these gamma-band activity [...however,] even when oscillations are observed, they undergo temporaldecorrelation over very few cycles. This is not easily accounted for inprevious network modeling of gamma oscillations. We argue here thatinteractions between cortical layers can be responsible for this fastdecorrelation. We study a model of a V1 hypercolumn, embedding a simplifieddescription of the multi-layered structure of the cortex. When the stimuluscontrast is low, the induced activity is only weakly synchronous and thenetwork resonates transiently without developing collective oscillations. Whenthe contrast is high, on the other hand, the induced activity undergoessynchronous oscillations with an irregular spatiotemporal structure expressinga synchronous chaotic state. As a consequence the population activity undergoesfast temporal decorrelation, with concomitant rapid damping of the oscillationsin LFPs autocorrelograms and peak broadening in LFPs power spectra. [...]Finally, we argue that the mechanism underlying the emergence of synchronouschaos in our model is in fact very general. It stems from the fact that gammaoscillations induced by local delayed inhibition tend to develop chaos whencoupled by sufficiently strong excitation.

Synchronous chaos and broad band gamma rhythm in a minimal multi-layer model of primary visual cortex