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In the mammalian hippocampus, the dentate gyrus (DG) is characterized bysparse and powerful unidirectional projections to CA3 pyramidal cells, theso-called mossy fibers. Mossy fiber synapses appear to duplicate, in terms ofthe information they convey, what CA3 cells already receive from entorhinalcortex layer II cells, which project both to the dentate gyrus and to CA3.Computational models of episodic memory have hypothesized that the function ofthe mossy fibers is to enforce a new, well separated pattern of activity ontoCA3 cells, to represent a new memory, prevailing over the interference producedby the traces of older memories already stored on CA3 recurrent collateralconnections. Can this hypothesis apply also to spatial representations, asdescribed by recent neurophysiological recordings in rats? To address thisissue quantitatively, we estimate the amount of information DG can impart on anew CA3 pattern of spatial activity, using both mathematical analysis andcomputer simulations of a simplified model. We confirm that, also in thespatial case, the observed sparse connectivity and level of activity are mostappropriate for driving memory storage and not to initiate retrieval.Surprisingly, the model also indicates that even when DG codes just for space,much of the information it passes on to CA3 acquires a non-spatial and episodiccharacter, akin to that of a random number generator. It is suggested thatfurther hippocampal processing is required to make full spatial use of DGinputs.

How informative are spatial CA3 representations established by the dentate gyrus?