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Optical nanofibers (ONF) of subwavelength dimensions confine light in modeswith a strong evanescent field that can trap, probe, and manipulate nearbyquantum systems. To measure the evanescent field and propagating modes, and tooptimize ONF performance, a surface probe is desirable during fabrication. Wedemonstrate a nondestructive measurement of light propagation in ONFs bysampling the local evanescent field with a microfiber. This approach revealsthe behavior of all propagating modes, and because the modal beat lengths incylindrical waveguides depend strongly on radius, simultaneously providesexquisite sensitivity to the ONF radius. We show that our measured spatialfrequencies provide a map of the average ONF radius (over a 600 micrometerwindow) along the 10 mm ONF waist with 40 picometer resolution and highsignal-to-noise ratio. The measurements agree with scanning electron microscopy(SEM) to within SEM instrument resolution. This fast method is immune topolarization, intrinsic birefringence, mechanical vibrations, scattered light,and provides a set of constraints to protect from systematic errors in themeasurements

Near-field measurement of modal interference in optical nanofibers for sub-Angstrom radius sensitivity