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In this letter we report for the first time the possibility of visualizing anatomizing spray by simultaneously recording X-ray absorption and 2- photonlaser-induced fluorescence imaging. This unique illumination/detection schemewas made possible thanks to the use of soft X-rays emitted from a laser-drivenX-ray source. An 800 mJ laser pulse of 38 fs duration is used to generate anX-ray beam with up to 4.10^8 photons ranging from 1 to 10 keV; allowingprojection radiography of water jets generated by an automotive port fuelinjector. In addition, a fraction of the laser pulse (approximately 10 mJ)isemployed to form a light sheet and to induce 2-photon fluorescence from a dyeadded to the water. The resulting high-contrast fluorescence images providefine details of the spray structure, with reduced blur from multiple lightscattering, while the integrated liquid mass is extracted from the X-rayradiography. The combination of these two highly complementary techniques, bothin the visible and in the soft X-ray regime, is very promising for the futurecharacterization of challenging spray systems as well as for furtherunderstanding the physics of liquid atomization.

Simultaneous laser-driven X-ray and two-photon fluorescence imaging of atomizing sprays