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Localized dissipative structures (LDS) have been predicted to display a richarray of instabilities, yet systematic experimental studies have remainedscarce. We have used a synchronously-driven optical fiber ring resonator toexperimentally study LDS instabilities in the strong-driving regime of theAC-driven nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (also known as the Lugiato-Lefevermodel). Through continuous variation of a single control parameter, we haveobserved a string of theoretically predicted instability modes, includingirregular oscillations and chaotic collapses. Beyond a critical point, weobserve behaviour reminiscent of a phase transition: LDSs trigger localizeddomains of spatiotemporal chaos that invade the surrounding homogeneous state.Our findings directly confirm a number of theoretical predictions, and theyhighlight that complex LDS instabilities can play a role in experimentalsystems.

Observations of spatiotemporal instabilities in the strong-driving regime of an AC-driven nonlinear Schr\"odinger system