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Optically trapped nanoparticles have recently emerged as exciting candidatesfor tests of quantum mechanics at the macroscale and as versatile platforms forultrasensitive metrology. Recent experiments have demonstrated parametricfeedback cooling, nonequilibrium physics, and temperature detection, all in theclassical regime. Here we provide the first quantum model for trappednanoparticle cooling and force sensing. In contrast to existing theories, ourwork indicates that the nanomechanical ground state may be prepared withoutusing an optical resonator; that the cooling mechanism corresponds to nonlinearfriction; and that the energy loss during cooling is nonexponential in time.Our results show excellent agreement with experimental data in the classicallimit, and constitute an underlying theoretical framework for experimentsaiming at ground state preparation. Our theory also addresses the optimizationof, and the fundamental quantum limit to, force sensing, thus providingtheoretical direction to ongoing searches for ultra-weak forces using levitatednanoparticles.

Quantum Model of Cooling and Force Sensing With an Optically Trapped Nanoparticle