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Dicke state, a coherent state of multiple particles, is fundamentallyresponsible for various intriguing collective behaviors of many-body systems.Experimental access to Dicke states with a scalable and deterministic number ofparticles is essential to study how many-body properties depend on the particlenumber. We report the observation of Dicke states consisting of two, three,four, five, six, and seven atoms in an atomic vapor. Quantum coherences betweenthe ground state and multi-atom states are created and detected by usingoptical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. The signal originated frommulti-atom states is manifested as correlation between the multi-quantumcoherence and the emission signal, providing direct and unambiguous detectionof Dicke states. The manipulation of deterministic atomic Dicke states haspossible implications in quantum information processing and fundamentalmany-body physics.

Observation of scalable and deterministic multi-atom Dicke states in an atomic vapor