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Light beams can be characterized by their complex spatial profiles in bothintensity and phase. Analogous to time signals, which can be decomposed intomultiple orthogonal frequency functions, a light beam can also be decomposedinto a set of spatial modes that are taken from an orthogonal basis. Such adecomposition can provide a tool for spatial spectrum analysis, which may allowthe stable, accurate and robust extraction of physical object information thatmay not be readily achievable using traditional approaches. As an example, wemeasure the opening angle of an object using the complex spectrum of orbitalangular momentum (OAM) modes as the basis, achieving a more than 15 dBsignal-to-noise ratio. We find that the dip (i.e., notch) positions of the OAMintensity spectrum are dependent on an object's opening angle but independentof the object opening's angular orientation, whereas the slope of the OAM phasespectrum is dependent on the object opening's orientation but independent onthe opening angle.

Using a Complex Optical Orbital-Angular-Momentum Spectrum to Measure Object Parameters: A Spatial Domain Approach