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We investigate, numerically and experimentally, the effect of thermo-optical(TO) chaos on direct soliton generation (DSG) in microresonators. When the pumplaser is scanned from blue to red and then stopped at a fixed wavelength, wefind that the solitons generated sometimes remain (survive) and sometimesannihilate subsequent to the end of the scan. We refer to the possibility ofthese different outcomes arising under identical laser scan conditions ascoexistence of soliton annihilation and survival. Numerical simulations thatinclude the thermal dynamics show that the coexistence of soliton annihilationand survival is explained by TO chaos accompanying comb generation. The randomfluctuations of the cavity resonance occurring under TO chaos are also found totrigger spontaneous soliton generation after the laser scan ends. Thecoexistence of soliton annihilation and survival as well as spontaneous solitongeneration are observed experimentally in a silicon-nitride microresonator. Theelucidation of the role of TO chaos provides important insights into thesoliton generation dynamics in microresonators, which may eventually facilitatestraightforward soliton generation in fully-integrated microresonators.

Thermo-Optical Chaos and Direct Soliton Generation in Microresonators