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Vector modes are spatial modes that have spatially inhomogeneous states ofpolarization, such as, radial and azimuthal polarization. They can producesmaller spot sizes and stronger longitudinal polarization components uponfocusing. As a result, they are used for many applications, including opticaltrapping and nanoscale imaging. In this work, vector modes are used to increasethe information capacity of free space optical communication via the method ofoptical communication referred to as mode division multiplexing. A mode(de)multiplexer for vector modes based on a liquid crystal technology referredto as a q-plate is introduced. As a proof of principle, using the mode(de)multiplexer four vector modes each carrying a 20 Gbit/s quadrature phaseshift keying signal on a single wavelength channel (~1550nm), comprising anaggregate 80 Gbit/s, were transmitted ~1m over the lab table with <-16.4 dB(<2%) mode crosstalk. Bit error rates for all vector modes were measured at theforward error correction threshold with power penalties < 3.41dB.

4 X 20 Gbit/s mode division multiplexing over free space using vector modes and a q-plate mode (de)multiplexer