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Quantum digital signature (QDS) guarantee the unforgeability, nonrepudiationand transferability of signature messages with information-theoreticalsecurity, and hence has attracted much attention recently. However, mostprevious implementations of QDS showed relatively low signature rates or/andshort transmission distance. In this paper, we report a proof-of-principlephase-encoding QDS demonstration using only one decoy state. Firstly, suchmethod avoids the modulation of vacuum state, thus reducing experimentalcomplexity and random number consumption. Moreover, incorporating with low-lossasymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers and real-time polarization calibrationtechnique, we have successfully achieved higher signature rate, e.g., 0.98bit/s at 103 km, and to date a record-breaking transmission distance over280-km installed fibers. Our work represents a significant step towardsreal-world applications of QDS.

280-km experimental demonstration of quantum digital signature with one decoy state