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Metasurface antenna arrays, formed by tiling multiple metasurfacesubapertures, offer an alternative architecture to electrically largebeamsteering arrays often used in radar and communications. The advantagesoffered by metasurfaces are enabled by the use of passive, tunable radiatingelements. While these metamaterial elements do not exhibit the full range ofphase tuning as can be obtained with phase shifters, they can be engineered toprovide a similar level of performance with much lower power requirements andcircuit complexity. Due to the limited phase and magnitude control, however,larger metasurface apertures can be susceptible to strong grating lobes whichresult from an unwanted periodic magnitude response that accompanies an idealphase pattern. In this work, we combine antenna theory with analytical modelingof metamaterial elements to mathematically reveal the source of such gratinglobes. To circumvent this problem, we introduce a compensatory waveguide feedlayer designed to suppress grating lobes in metasurface antennas. The waveguidefeed layer helps metasurface antennas approach the performance of phased arraysfrom an improved hardware platform, poising metasurface antennas to impact avariety of beamforming applications.

Grating Lobe Suppression in Metasurface Antenna Arrays with a Waveguide Feed Layer