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Over the past years, ultrafast lasers with average powers in the 100 W rangehave become a mature technology, with a multitude of applications in scienceand technology. Nonlinear temporal compression of these lasers to few- or evensingle-cycle duration is often essential, yet still hard to achieve, inparticular at high repetition rates. Here we report a two-stage system forcompressing pulses from a 1030 nm ytterbium fiber laser to single-cycledurations with 5 ${\mu}$J output pulse energy at 9.6 MHz repetition rate. Inthe first stage, the laser pulses are compressed from 340 to 25 fs by spectralbroadening in a krypton-filled single-ring photonic crystal fiber (SR-PCF),subsequent phase compensation being achieved with chirped mirrors. In thesecond stage, the pulses are further compressed to single-cycle duration bysoliton-effect self-compression in a neon-filled SR-PCF. We estimate a pulseduration of ~3.4 fs at the fiber output by numerically back-propagating themeasured pulses. Finally, we directly measured a pulse duration of 3.8 fs (1.25optical cycles) after compensating (using chirped mirrors) the dispersionintroduced by the optical elements after the fiber, more than 50% of the totalpulse energy being in the main peak. The system can produce compressed pulseswith peak powers >0.6 GW and a total transmission exceeding 70%.

Efficient single-cycle pulse compression of an ytterbium fiber laser at 10 MHz repetition rate