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We propose a triply-resonant electro-optic modulator architecture whichmaximizes modulation efficiency using simultaneous resonant enhancement of theRF drive signal, the optical pump, and the generated optical sideband. Opticalenhancement of the optical pump and the sideband is achieved using resonantsupermodes of two coupled optical resonators, and the RF enhancement isachieved with LC circuits formed by the capacitances of the optical resonatorsand inductors which can be implemented using CMOS technology. In the proposedconfiguration, the photon lifetime determines the bandwidth of the RF responsebut not its center frequency, which is set by the coupling strength between thetwo resonators and is not subject to the photon lifetime constraint inherent toconventional single-mode resonant modulators. This enables efficient operationat high RF carrier frequencies without a reduction in efficiency commonlyassociated with the photon lifetime limit. Two optical configurations of themodulator are proposed: a "basic" configuration with equal Q-factors in bothsupermodes, most suitable for narrowband RF signals, and a "generalized"configuration with independently tailored Q-factors of the two supermodes,which makes it possible to broaden the RF bandwidth without sacrificing theresonant enhancement of the optical pump and paying a penalty in modulationefficiency associated with doing so. Additionally, a significant gain inmodulation efficiency is expected from RF signal enhancement by LC resonantmatching. This results in a modulator which is compact, efficient, and capableof modulation at high RF carrier frequencies. The proposed modulatorarchitecture optimally engineers the interaction of the device with each of thethree signals and between them, can be applied to any modulator cavity designor modulation mechanism and promises to enable complex RF-photonic systems onchip.

Triply-resonant coupled-cavity electro-optic modulators for on-chip RF photonic systems