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Time-resolved optical spectroscopy (TR-OS) has emerged as a fundamentalspectroscopic tool for probing complex materials, to both investigateground-state-related properties and trigger phase transitions among differentstates with peculiar electronic and lattice structures. We describe a versatileapproach to perform polarization-resolved TR-OS measurements, by combiningbroadband detection with the capability to simultaneously probe two orthogonalpolarization states. This method allows us to probe, with femtosecondsresolution, the frequency-resolved reflectivity or transmittivity variationsalong two mutually orthogonal directions, matching the principal axis of thecrystal structure of the material under scrutiny. We report on the resultsobtained by acquiring the polarization-dependent transient reflectivity of twopolytypes of the MoTe$_2$ compound, with 2H and 1T' crystal structures. Wereveal marked anisotropies in the time-resolved reflectivity signal of1T'-MoTe$_2$, which are connected to the crystal structure of the compound.Polarization- and time- resolved spectroscopic measurements can thus provideinformation about the nature and dynamics of both the electronic and crystallattice subsystems, advancing the comprehension of their inter-dependence, inparticular in the case of photoinduced phase transitions; in addition, theyprovide a broadband measurement of transient polarization rotations.

Polarization-resolved broadband time-resolved optical spectroscopy for complex materials: application to the case of MoTe$_2$ polytypes