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Observing and studying the evolution of rare non-repetitive natural phenomenasuch as optical rogue waves or dynamic chemical processes in living cells is acrucial necessity for developing science and technologies relating to them. Oneindispensable technique for investigating these fast evolutions is temporalimaging systems. However, just as conventional spatial imaging systems areincapable of capturing depth information of a three-dimensional scene, typicaltemporal imaging systems also lack this ability to retrieve depth information;different dispersions in a complex pulse. Therefore, enabling temporal imagingsystems to provide these information with great detail would add a new facet tothe analysis of ultrafast pulses. In this paper, after discussing how spatialthree-dimensional integral imaging could be generalized to the time domain, twodistinct methods have been proposed in order to compensate for its shortcomingssuch as relatively low depth resolution and limited depth-of-field. The firstmethod utilizes a curved time-lens array instead of a flat one, which leads toan improved viewing zone and depth resolution, simultaneously. The second onewhich widens the depth-of-field is based on the non-uniformity of focal lengthsof time-lenses in the time-lens array. It has been shown that compared withconventional setup for temporal integral imaging, depth resolution, i.e.dispersion resolvability, and depth-of-field, i.e. the range of resolvabledispersions, have been improved by a factor of 2.5 and 1.87, respectively.

Improved depth resolution and depth-of-field in temporal integral imaging systems through non-uniform and curved time-lens array