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Neutral atoms have been observed to survive intense laser pulses in highRydberg states with surprisingly large probability. Only with thisRydberg-state excitation (RSE) included is the picture of intense-laser-atominteraction complete. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain theunderlying physics. However, neither one can explain all the features observedin experiments and in time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation (TDSE)simulations. Here we propose a fully quantum-mechanical model based on thestrong-field approximation (SFA). It well reproduces the intensity dependenceof RSE obtained by the TDSE, which exhibits a series of modulated peaks. Theyare due to recapture of the liberated electron and the fact that the pertinentprobability strongly depends on the position and the parity of the Rydbergstate. We also present measurements of RSE in xenon at 800 nm, which displaythe peak structure consistent with the calculations.

Quantum dynamics of atomic Rydberg excitation in strong laser fields