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Relating the electromagnetic scattering and absorption properties of anindividual particle to the reflection and transmission coefficients of atwo-dimensional material composed of these particles is a crucial concept thathas driven both fundamental and applied physics. It is at the heart of both thecharacterization of material properties as well as the phase and amplitudeengineering of a wave. Here we propose a multipolar description of thereflection and transmission coefficients across a monolayer of particles usinga vector spherical harmonic decomposition. This enables us to provide ageneralized condition for perfect absorption which occurs when both theso-called \textit{generalized Kerker condition} is reached and when thesuperposition of odd and even multipoles reaches a critical value. Using theseconditions, we are able to propose two very different designs oftwo-dimensional materials that perfectly absorb a plane electromagnetic waveunder normal incidence. One is an infinite array of silica microspheres thatoperates at mid-infrared frequencies, while the other is an infinite array ofgermanium nano-clusters that operates at visible frequencies. Both systemsoperate in a deeply multipolar regime. Our findings are important to themetamaterials and metasurfaces communities who design materials mainlyrestricted to the dipolar behavior of individual resonators, as well as theself-assembly and nanochemistry communities who separate the individualparticle synthesis from the materials assembly.

Complete multipolar description of reflection and transmission across a metasurface for perfect absorption of light