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Two femtosecond methods for imaging moderate liquid-gas sprays in the near-field region of spray nozzles - shadowgraphy and optical Kerr gated (OKG) ballistic imaging - were compared. Most spray structures can be captured using femtosecond shadowgraphy that can freeze the motion of the sprays. Femtosecond OKG ballistic imaging can distinguish finer structures and more-realistic liquid sheets by the filtering of multiple scattered photons. To compensate for the high-spatial-frequency components of the spray structures filtered by OKG ballistic imaging, differential OKG (DOKG) ballistic imaging was demonstrated. For dilute sprays, femtosecond shadowgraphy with a relatively simple experimental setup is recommended. For dense sprays, femtosecond OKG (or DOKG) ballistic imaging is more suitable.

Comparison of femtosecond shadowgraphy and optical Kerr gated ballistic imaging for measurements of spray structures