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Higher-order modes up to LP$_{33}$ are controllably excited in water-filledkagom\'{e}- and bandgap-style hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCF). Aspatial light modulator is used to create amplitude and phase distributionsthat closely match those of the fiber modes, resulting in typical launchefficiencies of 10-20% into the liquid-filled core. Modes, excited across thevisible wavelength range, closely resemble those observed in air-filledkagom\'{e} HC-PCF and match numerical simulations. Mode indices are obtained bylaunching plane-waves at specific angles onto the fiber input-face andcomparing the resulting intensity pattern to that of a particular mode. Theseresults provide a framework for spatially-resolved sensing in HC-PCFmicroreactors and fiber-based optical manipulation.

Excitation of higher-order modes in optofluidic photonic crystal fiber