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Optical frequency combs have attracted attention as optical frequency rulersdue to their tooth-like discrete spectra together with their inherentmode-locking nature and phase-locking control to a frequency standard. Based onthis concept, their applications until now have been demonstrated in the fieldsof optical frequency metrology and optical distance metrology. However, if theutility of optical combs can be further expanded beyond theiroptical-frequency-ruler-based application by exploiting new aspects of opticalcombs, this will lead to new developments in optical metrology andinstrumentation. Here, we report a fibre sensing application of optical combsbased on a coherent frequency link between the optical and radio-frequencyregions, enabling high-precision refractive index measurement of a liquidsample based on frequency measurement in radio-frequency region. Our techniqueencodes a refractive index change of a liquid sample into a radio-frequencycomb by a combination of an intracavity multi-mode-interference fibre sensorand wavelength dispersion of a cavity fibre. Then, the change in refractiveindex is read out by measuring the repetition frequency of the radio-frequencycomb with a frequency counter and a frequency standard. Use of an optical combas a photonic radio-frequency converter will lead to the development of newapplications in high-precision fibre sensing with the help of functional fibresensors and precise radio-frequency measurement.

Refractive-index-sensing radio-frequency comb with intracavity multi-mode interference fibre sensor