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Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security basedon the laws of quantum mechanics. The desire to reduce costs and increaserobustness in real-world applications has motivated the study of coexistencebetween QKD and intense classical data traffic in a single fiber. Previousworks on coexistence in metropolitan areas have used wavelength-divisionmultiplexing, however, coexistence in backbone fiber networks remains a greatexperimental challenge, as Tbps data of up to 20 dBm optical power istransferred, and much more noise is generated for QKD. Here we present for thefirst time, to the best of our knowledge, the integration of QKD with acommercial backbone network of 3.6 Tbps classical data at 21 dBm launch powerover 66 km fiber. With 20 GHz pass-band filtering and large effective core areafibers, real-time secure key rates can reach 4.5 kbps and 5.1 kbps forco-propagation and counter-propagation at the maximum launch power,respectively. This demonstrates feasibility and represents an important steptowards building a quantum network that coexists with the current backbonefiber infrastructure of classical communications.

Integrating quantum key distribution with classical communications in backbone fiber network