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We show and identify the role of the backward amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in inducing bistability and hysteresis in a unidirectional ring erbium-doped fiber (edf) laser. It results from the interplay between the signal and the backward ASE in the gain medium that is ejected from the fiber loop by an isolator. A removal of the isolator eliminates the bistability. Another important factor is the strong wavelength dependence of the absorption and emission coefficients and their ratio.

Bistability in a ring erbium-doped fiber laser due to ejected backward amplified spontaneous emission