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We study theoretically the interplay between the surface confined wave modesand the linear and nonlinear gain of the dielectric layer in the Ottoconfiguration. The surface confined wave modes such as surface plasmons orwaveguide modes are excited in the dielectric-metal bilayer by obliquelyincident $p$ waves. In the purely linear case, we find that the interplaybetween linear gain and surface confined wave modes can generate a largereflectance peak with its value much greater than 1. As the linear gainparameter increases, the peak appears at smaller incident angles, and theassociated modes also change from surface plasmons to waveguide modes. When thenonlinear gain is turned on, the reflectance shows very strong multistabilitynear the incident angles associated with surface confined wave modes. As thenonlinear gain parameter is varied, the reflectance curve undergoes complicatedtopological changes and sometimes displays separated closed curves. When thenonlinear gain parameter takes an optimally small value, a giant amplificationof the reflectance by three orders of magnitude occurs near the incident angleassociated with a waveguide mode. We also find that there exists a range of theincident angle where the wave is dissipated rather than amplified even in thepresence of gain. We suggest that this can provide the basis for a possible newtechnology for thermal control in the subwavelength scale.

Giant enhancement of reflectance due to the interplay between surface confined wave modes and nonlinear gain in dielectric media