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We demonstrate a single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy of cesium (Cs)atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell. Cs atoms are excited directly from6S1/2 ground state to nP3/2 (n = 70 - 100) Rydberg states with a 318.6 nmultraviolet (UV) laser,and Rydberg excitation spectra are obtained bytransmission enhancement of a probe beam resonant to Cs 6S1/2, F = 4 - 6P3/2,F' = 5 transition as partial population on F = 4 ground state are transferredto Rydberg state .Analysis reveals that the observed spectra arevelocity-selective spectroscopy of Rydberg state, from which the amplitude andlinewidth influenced by lasers'Rabi frequency have been investigated. Fittingto energies of Cs nP3/2 (n = 70 -100) states, the determined quantum defect is3.56671(42). The demodulated spectra can also be employed as frequencyreferences to stabilize the UV laser frequency to specific Cs Rydbergtransition.

Single-photon cesium Rydberg excitation spectroscopy using 318.6-nm UV laser and room-temperature vapor cell