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Direct imaging of exoplanets or circumstellar disk material requires extremecontrast at the 10-6 to 10-12 levels at < 100 mas angular separation from thestar. Focal-plane mask (FPM) coronagraphic imaging has played a key role inthis field, taking advantage of progress in Adaptive Optics on ground-based 8+mclass telescopes. However, large telescope entrance pupils usually consist ofcomplex, sometimes segmented, non-ideal apertures, which include a centralobstruction for the secondary mirror and its support structure. In practice,this negatively impacts wavefront quality and coronagraphic performance, interms of achievable contrast and inner working angle. Recent theoretical workson structured darkness have shown that solutions for FPM phase profiles,optimized for non-ideal apertures, can be numerically derived. Here we presentand discuss a first experimental validation of this concept, using reflectiveliquid crystal spatial light modulators as adaptive FPM coronagraphs.

Implementing focal-plane phase masks optimized for real telescope apertures with SLM-based digital adaptive coronagraphy