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Since its emergence two decades ago, astrophotonics has found broadapplication in scientific instruments at many institutions worldwide. The casefor astrophotonics becomes more compelling as telescopes push for AO-assisted,diffraction-limited performance, a mode of observing that is central to thenext-generation of extremely large telescopes (ELTs). Even AO systems arebeginning to incorporate advanced photonic principles as the community pushesfor higher performance and more complex guide-star configurations. Photonicinstruments like Gravity on the Very Large Telescope achieve milliarcsecresolution at 2000 nm which would be very difficult to achieve withconventional optics. While space photonics is not reviewed here, we foreseethat remote sensing platforms will become a major beneficiary of astrophotoniccomponents in the years ahead. The field has given back with the development ofnew technologies (e.g. photonic lantern, large area multi-core fibres) alreadyfinding widespread use in other fields; Google Scholar lists more than 400research papers making reference to this technology. This short review coversrepresentative key developments since the 2009 Focus issue on Astrophotonics.

Astrophotonics: molding the flow of light in astronomical instruments