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Understanding exoplanet formation and finding potentially habitableexoplanets is vital to an enhanced understanding of the universe. The use ofnulling interferometry to strongly attenuate the central starlight provides theopportunity to see objects closer to the star than ever before. Given thatexoplanets are usually warm, the 4 microns Mid-Infrared region is advantageousfor such observations. The key performance parameters for a nullinginterferometer are the extinction ratio it can attain and how well that ismaintained across the operational bandwidth. Both parameters depend on thedesign and fabrication accuracy of the subcomponents and their wavelengthdependence. Via detailed simulation it is shown in this paper that a planarchalcogenide photonic chip, consisting of three highly fabrication tolerantmultimode interference couplers, can exceed an extinction ratio of 60 dB indouble nulling operation and up to 40 dB for a single nulling operation acrossa wavelength window of 3.9 to 4.2 microns. This provides a beam combiner withsufficient performance, in theory, to image exoplanets.

Fabrication tolerant chalcogenide mid-infrared multimode interference coupler design with application for Bracewell nulling interferometry