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Time-frequency (TF) analysis is a powerful tool for exploring ultrafastdynamics in atoms and molecules. While some TF methods have demonstrated theirusefulness and potential in several of quantum systems, a systematic comparisonamong these methods is still lacking. To this end, we compare a series ofclassical and contemporary TF methods by taking hydrogen atom in a strong laserfield as a benchmark. In addition, several TF methods such as Cohen classdistribution other than the Wigner-Ville distribution, reassignment methods,and the empirical mode decomposition method are first introduced to explorationof ultrafast dynamics. Among these TF methods, the synchrosqueezing transformsuccessfully illustrates the physical mechanisms in the multiphoton ionizationregime and in the tunneling ionization regime. Furthermore, an empiricalprocedure to analyze an unknown complicated quantum system is provided,indicating the versatility of TF analysis as a new viable venue for exploringquantum dynamics.

Exploring laser-driven quantum phenomena from a time-frequency analysis perspective: A comprehensive study