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We have constructed a counterpropagating optical tweezers setup embedded in aSagnac interferometer in order to increase the sensitivity of position trackingfor particles in the geometrical optics regime. Enhanced position determinationusing a Sagnac interferometer has previously been described theoretically byTaylor et al. [Journal of Optics 13, 044014 (2011)] for Rayleigh-regimeparticles trapped in an antinode of a standing wave. We have extended theirtheory to a case of arbitrarily-sized particles trapped withorthogonally-polarized counterpropagating beams. The working distance of thesetup was sufficiently long to optically induce particle oscillationsorthogonally to the axis of the tweezers with an auxiliary laser beam. Usingthese oscillations as a reference, we have experimentally shown thatSagnac-enhanced back focal plane interferometry is capable of providing animprovement of more than 5 times in the signal-to-background ratio,corresponding to a more than 30-fold improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio.The experimental results obtained are consistent with our theoreticalpredictions. In the experimental setup, we used a method of opticallevitator-assisted liquid droplet delivery in air based on commercial inkjettechnology, with a novel method to precisely control the size of droplets.

Measurement of particle motion in optical tweezers embedded in a Sagnac interferometer