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Patterned graded-refractive-index (GRIN) coatings that offer the controllability of far-field emission pattern and polarization properties of GaInN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are investigated. Compared with a planar reference LED, the light-output power of an LED with patterned GRIN coatings (GRIN LED) is enhanced by about 69%. Furthermore, the GRIN LED has bidirectional emission peaks at about 45° off-surface-normal and polarized light emission with the maximum polarization ratio occurring at the same angle, i.e. the intensity maximum and the polarization-ratio maximum coincide. The large off-surface-normal emission of the GRIN LED results from the strong light extraction through the sidewalls of the GRIN pillars, which is in good agreement with results predicted from ray-tracing simulations.

Emission pattern control and polarized light emission through patterned graded-refractive-index coatings on GaInN light-emitting diodes