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The dorsal wing surfaces of papilionid butterflies of the nireus group are marked by bands of brilliant blue-green-colored cover scales. The thin, cuticular lower lamina of the scales acts as a blue reflector. The thick upper lamina forms a dense two-dimensional cuticular lattice of air cavities with a pigment acting as a long-pass optical filter. Reflectance spectra of small scale areas oscillate, but for large scale areas and the intact wing they are smooth. Theoretical modeling shows that the oscillations vanish for a scale ensemble with varying layer thicknesses and cavity dimensions. The scales combine in a subtle way structural and pigmentary coloration for an optical effect.

Variable multilayer reflection together with long-pass filtering pigment determines the wing coloration of papilionid butterflies of the nireus group