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Broadband homodyne detection of the light transmitted by a Fabry-Perot cavitycontaining a strongly-coupled $^{133}$Cs atom is used to probe the dynamicoptical response in a regime where semiclassical theory predicts bistabilitybut strong quantum corrections should apply. While quantum fluctuationsdestabilize true equilibrium bistability, our observations confirm theexistence of metastable states with finite lifetimes and a hysteretic responseis apparent when the optical drive is modulated on comparable timescales. Ourexperiment elucidates remnant semiclassical behavior in the attojoule ($\sim10$photon) regime of single-atom cavity QED, of potential significance forultra-low power photonic signal processing.

Remnants of semiclassical bistability in the few-photon regime of cavity QED