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It is not widely appreciated that many subtleties are involved in theaccurate measurement of intensity-correlated photons; even for the originalexperiments of Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT). Using a monolithic 4x4 array ofsingle-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), together with an off-chip algorithm forprocessing streaming data, we investigate the difficulties of measuringsecond-order photon correlations g2 in a wide variety of light fields thatexhibit dramatically different correlation statistics: a multimode He-Ne laser,an incoherent intensity-modulated lamp-light source and a thermal light source.Our off-chip algorithm treats multiple photon-arrivals at pixel-array pairs, inany observation interval, with photon fluxes limited by detector saturation, insuch a way that a correctly normalized g2 function is guaranteed. The impact ofdetector background correlations between SPAD pixels and afterpulsing effectson second-order coherence measurements is discussed. These results demonstratethat our monolithic SPAD array enables access to effects that are otherwiseimpossible to measure with stand-alone detectors.

On the Application of a Monolithic Array for Detecting Intensity-Correlated Photons Emitted by Different Source Types