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A promising result from optical quantum metrology is the ability to achievesub-shot-noise performance in transmission or absorption measurements. This isdue to the significantly lower uncertainty in light intensity of quantum beamswith respect to their classical counterparts. In this work, we simulate theoutcome of an experiment that uses a multiplexed single-photon source based onpair generation by continuous spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC)followed by a time multiplexing set-up with a binary temporal divisionstrategy, considering several types of experimental losses. With such source,the sub-Poissonian statistics of the output signal is the key for achievingsub-shot-noise performance. We compare the numerical results with twoparadigmatic limits: the shot-noise limit (achieved using coherent sources) andthe quantum limit (obtained with an ideal photon-number Fock state as the inputsource). We also investigate conditions in which threshold detectors can beused, and the effect of input light fluctuations on the measurement error.Results show that sub-shot-noise performance can be achieved, even withoutusing number-resolving detectors, with improvement factors that range from 1.5to 2. This technique would allow measurements of optical absorption of a samplewith reasonable uncertainty using ultra-low light intensity and minimumdisruption of biological or other fragile specimens.

Scheme for sub-shot-noise transmission measurement using a time multiplexed single-photon source