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Solitons, nonlinear particle-like excitations with inalterable properties(amplitude, shape, and velocity) as they propagate, are omnipresent in manybranches of science---and in physics in particular. Flat-top solitons are anovel type of bright solitons that have not been well explored in purenonlinear media. Here, a model of nonlinear Kerr (cubic) media of ultracoldatoms with spatially modulated repulsive interactions is proposed and shown tosupport a vast variety of stable flat-top matter-wave solitons, includingone-dimensional (1D) flat-top fundamental and multipole solitons,two-dimensional (2D) flat-top fundamental and vortex solitons. We demonstratethat by varying the relevant physical parameters (nonlinearity coefficient andchemical potential) the ordinary bright (gaussian) solitons can transform intothe novel flat-top solitons. The (in-)stability domains of the flat-top solitonfamilies are checked by means of linear stability analysis and reconfirmed bydirect numerical simulations. This model is generic in the contexts ofnonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensates, which provide directexperimental access to observe the predicted solutions.

Gaussian-like and flat-top solitons of atoms with spatially modulated repulsive interactions