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In the long-wavelength approximation, the effective conductivity tensor isintroduced for graphene ribbons (strips) placed periodically at the interfacebetween two media. The resulting conducting surface is considered as a coatingfor semiconductor nanowire. For the hybrid waves of such nanowire thedispersion equations are obtained in explicit form. Two types of surfaceplasmons are found to exist: (i) the modified surface plasmons, which originatefrom the ordinary surface plasmons of a graphene-coated semiconductor nanowire,and (ii) the spoof plasmons, which arise on the array of graphene ribbons andmay possess forward-wave and backward-wave dispersion. It is revealed that thespoof surface plasmons are low-loss ones, and their frequencies,field-confinement and group velocities can be tuned widely by adjusting thecoil angle and width of helical graphene strips.

Low-loss forward and backward surface plasmons in a semiconductor nanowire coated by helical graphene strips