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Organic nonlinear optical (ONLO) chromophores are used to make electro-optic devices. Traditional ONLO chromophores use a π-conjugated bridge to couple the electron acceptor and donor moieties. We have explored whether other types of conjugation can be used to make high-performance ONLO chromophores. We have found that cross-conjugated bridge structures, when other parameters are kept the same, can exhibit comparable hyperpolarizabilities. Experimental hyperpolarizabilities of prototypical cross-conjugated chromophores, measured by hyper-Raleigh scattering, are comparable with their π-conjugated analogues, in contrast with the prediction of several electronic structure calculation methods. This opens new synthetic routes to other types of chromophores, which may provide enhanced performance.

Alternative bridging architectures in organic nonlinear optical materials: comparison of π- and χ-type structures