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Systematic errors are inevitable in most measurements performed in real lifebecause of imperfect measurement devices. Reducing systematic errors is crucialto ensuring the accuracy and reliability of measurement results. To this end,delicate error-compensation design is often necessary in addition to devicecalibration to reduce the dependence of the systematic error on theimperfection of the devices. The art of error-compensation design is wellappreciated in nuclear magnetic resonance system by using composite pulses. Incontrast, there are few works on reducing systematic errors in quantum opticalsystems. Here we propose an error-compensation design to reduce the systematicerror in projective measurements on a polarization qubit. It can reduce thesystematic error to the second order of the phase errors of both the half-waveplate (HWP) and the quarter-wave plate (QWP) as well as the angle error of theHWP. This technique is then applied to experiments on quantum state tomographyon polarization qubits, leading to a 20-fold reduction in the systematic error.Our study may find applications in high-precision tasks in polarization opticsand quantum optics.

Error-compensation measurements on polarization qubits