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Two-dimensional optical transfer functions (OTF's) of individual human eyes are computed from the retinal images of a point test object, using a phase-retrieval method. The retinal reflection directionality effect is included in the computations by means of an apodization pupil, and subsequently the Stiles-Crawford effect is also considered. The modulation transfer functions obtained when the retinal reflection directionality effect is considered show lower values of the modulation; on the other hand, their two-dimensional form and the corresponding phase transfer functions remain practically unchanged. The importance of the Stiles-Crawford apodization depends on the wave aberration of the individual subject, but in general it produces an improvement in image quality, and the modulation transfer function becomes more symmetrical.

Incorporation of directional effects of the retina into computations of optical transfer functions of human eyes