English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The van de Hulst formula provides an expression for the effective refractiveindex or effective propagation constant of a suspension of particles ofarbitrary shape, size and refractive index in an optically homogeneous medium.However, its validity for biological matter, which often consists of very densesuspensions of cells, is unclear because existing derivations of the formula orsimilar results rely on far-field scattering and/or on the suspension inquestion being dilute. We present a derivation of the van de Hulst formulavalid for suspensions of large, tenuous scatterers -- the type biologicalsuspensions are typically made of -- which does not rely on these conditions,showing that they are not strictly necessary for the formula to be valid. Weapply these results specifically to blood and epithelial tissue. Furthermore,we determine the true condition for the formula to be valid for these types oftissues. We finally provide a simple way to estimate -- and, more importantly,correct -- the error incurred by the van de Hulst formula when this conditionis not met.

An unambiguous derivation of the effective refractive index of biological suspensions and an extension to dense tissue such as blood