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In this work, self-mixing interferometry (SMI) is implemented inline to alaser microdrilling system to monitor the machining process by probing theablation-induced plume. An analytical model based on the Sedov-Taylor blastwave equation is developed for the expansion of the process plume undermultiple-pulse laser percussion drilling conditions. Signals were acquiredduring laser microdrilling of blind holes on stainless steel, copper alloy,pure titanium, and titanium nitride ceramic coating. The maximum optical pathdifference was measured from the signals to estimate the refractive indexchanges. An amplitude coefficient was derived by fitting the analytical modelto the measured optical path differences. The morphology of the drilled holeswas investigated in terms of maximum hole depth and dross height. The resultsindicate that the SMI signal rises when the ablation process is dominated byvaporization, changing the refractive index of the processing zonesignificantly. Such ablation conditions correspond to limited formation ofdross. The results imply that SMI can be used as a nonintrusive tool in lasermicromachining applications for monitoring the process quality in an indirectway.

Probing multipulse laser ablation by means of self-mixing interferometry