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Optical heterodyne detection-based spectrometers are attractive due to theirrelatively simple construction and ultra-high resolution. Here we demonstrate aproof-of-principle single-mode optical-fiber-based heterodyne spectrometerwhich has picometer resolution and quantum-limited sensitivity around 1550 nm.Moreover, we report a generalized quantum limit of detecting broadbandmulti-spectral-temporal-mode light using heterodyne detection, which provides asensitivity limit on a heterodyne detection-based optical spectrometer. We thencompare this sensitivity limit to several spectrometer types and dim lightsources of interest, such as, spontaneous parametric downconversion, Ramanscattering, and spontaneous four-wave mixing. We calculate the heterodynespectrometer is significantly less sensitive than a single-photon detector andunable to detect these dim light sources, except for the brightest andnarrowest-bandwidth examples.

Heterodyne spectrometer sensitivity limit for quantum networking