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We present a compact two-lens HDPE f/1.6 refractor design that is capable ofsupporting a 28-deg diffraction-limited field of view at 1-mm wavelengths andcontrast it to a similar two-lens refractor using silicon lenses. We comparethe optical properties of these two systems as predicted by both geometricaland physical optics. The presented analysis suggests that by relaxingtelecentricity requirements, a plastic two-lens refractor system can performcomparably to a similar silicon system across a wide field of view andwavelengths up to 1 mm. We show that for both telescope designs, cold stopspillover changes significantly across the field of view in a way that issomewhat inconsistent with Gaussian beam formalism and simple f-number scaling.We present results that highlight beam ellipticity dependence on both pixellocation and pixel aperture size --- an effect that is challenging to reproducein standard geometrical optics. We show that a silicon refractor design suffersfrom larger cross-polarization compared to the HDPE design. Our results addressthe limitations of solely relying on geometrical optics to assess relativeperformance of two optical systems. We discuss implications for futurerefractor designs.

Geometrical and physical optics analysis for mm-wavelength refractor telescopes designed to map the cosmic microwave background