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Library digitization has made more than a hundred thousand 19th-centuryEnglish-language books available to the public. Do the books which have beendigitized reflect the population of published books? An affirmative answerwould allow book and literary historians to use holdings of major digitallibraries as proxies for the population of published works, sparing them thelabor of collecting a representative sample. We address this question by takingadvantage of exhaustive bibliographies of novels published for the first timein the British Isles in 1836 and 1838, identifying which of these novels haveat least one digital surrogate in the Internet Archive, HathiTrust, GoogleBooks, and the British Library. We find that digital surrogate availability isnot random. Certain kinds of novels, notably novels written by men and novelspublished in multivolume format, have digital surrogates available atdistinctly higher rates than other kinds of novels. As the processes leading tothis outcome are unlikely to be isolated to the novel and the late 1830s, thesefindings suggest that similar patterns will likely be observed during adjacentdecades and in other genres of publishing (e.g., non-fiction).

What Library Digitization Leaves Out: Predicting the Availability of Digital Surrogates of English Novels