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We study the effect of a trade induced competitive shock given by rising import competition from China on Chilean manufacturing plants. For identification, we exploit the fact that, during 1995-2006, China import penetration (CIP) increased sharply in Chile, but this increment was quite different across manufacturing industries. We use Chinese export growth in high-income industry-country pairs as instrument for CIP. Our results suggest that plants in more exposed industries exhibit relative declines in revenue, employment and physical capital, and face a higher probability of exiting the panel than comparable plants in less exposed industries. All these effects are concentrated among establishments with low initial levels of productivity. JEL Classification: F14, D22.

Heterogeneous Effects of Chinese Import Competition on Chilean Manufacturing Plants